Review by Mark Kelly
This book was published in 1996 and is a ‘light’ version of a book published by the same author in 1994 known as God’s Empowering Presence. As Fee puts it, “…this original book was a massive tome, full of necessary detail and careful augmentation…”
God’s Empowering Presence was a book targeted at scholars and pastors. What Paul, the Spirit and the People of God is, is an attempt to condense this previous weighty tome and not only that, but re-represent it in a manner that the more ordinary lay person might understand while still keeping the essence of the fore runner within its pages. Paul, the Spirit and the People of God is GEP without so much of the exegesis.
In this thought provoking book, Fee deals primarily with the presence of the Holy Spirit in the individual life of the believer and in the ‘church’. He redefines the terms of the discussion of the Holy Spirit in a fresh and passionate way, and gives us an invitation to read the words of Paul in the New Testament anew. He examines the presence of the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament and shows how God dwelt amongst His people and how the presence departed and was renewed again, and shows us how to experience the presence of God in our lives. He shows that for Paul, the Holy Spirit is the key to the whole Christian life. This Third Person of the Trinity is not to be marginalized by giving Him lip service in our creeds and then trying to live our lives in the flesh. Instead, the Spirit is the sovereign Lord of the Christian’s “spiritual life.” This is a given for Paul, a presupposition upon which the rest of his Gospel depends.
Fee starts off with a profound statement right at the beginning of the book by saying that
“…all too often our orthodoxy has been either diluted by an unholy alliance with a given political agenda, or diminished by legalistic or relativistic ethics quite unrelated to the character of God, or rendered ineffective by a pervasive rationalism in an increasingly non-rationalistic world.”
So from the beginning he is telling us in no uncertain terms that the ‘church’ of today has fallen short of what is stated clearly in Pauline theology. We have forgotten how to recognize and act with the Holy Spirit in our modern day gatherings. We still recognise Him as part of the trinity, but fail, in general, to use the gifts that are readily available to us.
Fee talks about how although we are “Trinitarian” in creed; some Christians are actually “binitarian” in practice. The Holy Spirit has truly been avoided and ignored in the life of the ‘church’ today. Fee has emphasis on the church as the People of God living between the times, and on Paul’s view of the “already/not yet” eschatology.
As much as Fee talks about Paul and the Spirit he does talk about the centrality of Christ throughout the book also –
“…for Paul, therefore, the salvation in Christ is a fundamentally eschatological reality…”
But his focus for this particular exercise is most definitely the Holy Spirit and all that we are missing out on, if we are not listening to that “…still small voice…”
Fee also touches upon the ‘fruits’ and the ‘gifts’ of the Spirit. He goes into the modern theology of our day which for a lot of people means the ‘fruits’ are working in the background of life. While the ‘gifts’ are something that was mostly lost after the apostolic time of the gospels being finished. Over the years, Fee explains, the Spirit has broken into to the church through times of refreshing etc.… only to be thought of as something else.
So to the other focus of the book which I’ve already touched upon - Paul. Or the theology of Paul to be more precise which is known as being ‘Pauline.’ Fee believes that by studying the writings of Paul we can gain a better understanding of the Holy Spirit and how He can work in our lives and more importantly the life of our Christian community.
The task of drawing on all Paul’s apostolic wisdom throughout the scriptures is not an easy one, yet Fee does well gathering together numerous verses and backing up what he is saying by listing them within his paragraphs. One of Fee’s difficulties is, as he is trying to help us better understand the Spirit, we have to realise that in Paul’s time all the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit are normal and expected in the meetings of the early church, “He (Paul) does not tell us how to do that because such a dynamic life in the Spirit was presumed by him (Paul).” So Fee at times has a difficult time in pointing things out that are not being said by Paul.
So Fee stresses that life ‘in the Spirit’ for Paul was an everyday experience embracing both the fruits and the gifts. The Holy Spirit was key in the early church with a total understanding that He was part of the Trinity and never referred too Him as an ‘it.’ This is a point that Fee tries hard to make us see and he has to do this with presumption of Paul as this is something not directly dealt with in the Pauline texts.
Another very important point that Fee makes within the book (and is something I personally have taken as a revelation) is that the Spirit is both the initiator and result of finding ‘faith.’ So it seems paradoxical, yet Fee explains it so the less theological mind can attempt to grasp this concept -
“That is, the Spirit appears both as the one who initiates our faith and as the one who is received by the same faith…”
People are born into a body when they become a Christian and too much, through our secular society, are we concerned with the individual even when this choice has been made. The body is something that Fee talks about in connection with the Holy Spirit. As Christians we regard ourselves as having an ‘intimate’ relationship with God and while this is true we forget the ‘born into the body’ part as mentioned above. Fee points out that the fruits of the Spirit are to do with life in the community. Pauline ethics in general have a corporate rather than individualistic flavour. So the Spirit is key in the conversion process as the fruits we enjoy of the Spirit are better played out in helping and providing for one another.
These points above are just a sample of what Fee offers in his book. This was a book, that although, hard to get into initially, after a few chapters you begin to think like Fee (and hopefully Paul!) Fee makes it easy for you to see where he is going and what he is trying to get at. Even the way he labels each chapter and then gives a brief summary of what he has just said at the end helps the ‘lay’ person grasp the enormity of what’s being said within the pages.
It is challenging, but at the same time the way he writes is not ‘out there’ and although I would imagine I would have a hard time coping with GEP (mentioned above) this book gives it to me straight with a only a smattering of exegesis, Greek or Hebrew, which makes me feel a little bit more learned in the language department!
Overall, if this book has only done one thing for me then that is to give me a passion to re-read the Pauline texts with a better understanding and has given me the initiative and confidence to look ‘beyond’ the words. With the help of the Holy Spirit I believe a fresh revelation will come.(back to top)